Territory around a town or a shopping centre, within which the share of expenditure for a given type of product exceeds a certain threshold (often 50%).
Business intelligence (BI) refers to computer solutions improving decision-making, with at the end of the process, reports and key business indicators, both analytical and prospective.
Territory within which several points of sale for a single product brand are operating in competition with one another.
The catchment area is the geographic area from which an agency or a sales outlets attracts its main customers, whether prospective or existing.
CRM (Customer Relationship Management) is a broad term that covers concepts used by companies to manage their relationship with customers, notably technical solutions to improve communication with them.

This satellite positioning system is meant to provide an independent positioning system upon which European nations can rely. This independence is important: the US GPS suffers from many restrictions to its positioning accuracy (about 20 meters for the free signal) and to its reliability (selective availability may be enabled in particular areas of coverage for technical and/or political reasons).
Geocoding is the process of assigning geographic identifiers (coordinates) to street addresses.
Geolocation is the process of obtaining and possibly transmitting the geographic position of a person or a resource.
Geomarketing is using geographical intelligence to optimize decision-making processes as regards sales and marketing.
Geomatics is the displine of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering geographic information, or spatially referenced information.
Geomarketing technique meant to adapt the product range to the customers of a sales outlet and to its catchment area.
Geoptimization is the combined use of geographic information and optimization algorithms to enhance organization’s and companies’ efficiency.
Optimisation des emplois du temps de personnes ou ressources mobiles, en s’appuyant sur la géographie.
GeoScheduling is the process of optimizing mobile workers’ or resources’ schedules, thanks to geography.
A GIS (Geographic Information System) is a computer system for gathering, organizing, managing, analyzing and combining, working out and displaying geographically-referenced information, from various sources, thus notably contributing to space management.
The GPS (Global Positioning System) is an American system of satellites and receptors enabling users to know their exact location anytime and almost anywhere on Earth.
A gravity model is a geographic data modeling which calculates the catchment area of a store or an agency, from attractiveness and distance notions.
The Huff model is a gravity model, introduced by Huff in 1964 to assess the potential penetration of a sales outlet. It is a probability method, modeling a customer potential preference for a sales outlet by a probability law, depending on the usefulness of the store (according to the customer) and the travel time to get there.
Drive time catchments (also known as isochrones) show everywhere that can be reached within specified time from a specified point.
The MCI (multiplicative competitive interaction) model is an extension to Huff’s model put forward by Cooper and Nakanishi that incorporates several factors conditioning the attractiveness of a point of sale.
Real time data analysis systems based on multi-dimensional views.
A raster map is the result of a paper map raster scan.
Many companies or services have a vehicle fleet to attend to their customers, whether to deliver and collect goods, or to complete maintenance or break-fix calls.
A vector map is a file containing geographical objects represented through primitive objects (such as points, lines, surfaces).
WGS84: World Geodesic System - revision dating from 1984